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126 lines
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6.2 KiB
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<h1>Pronunciation Field Help</h1>
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<p>The Pronunciation field in Lexiconga utilizes <a href='https://github.com/KeyboardFire/phondue' target='_blank'>KeyboardFire's
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Phondue</a> web script to make typing IPA pronunciations much more convenient. While you
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can still point and click to select IPA characters using the IPA table,
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Phondue provides many two-key keyboard shortcuts called <strong>digraphs</strong>
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that allow you to type any IPA symbol with only a standard keyboard.</p>
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<p>These symbols were decided to be intuitive as possible:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Many symbols that look similar to letters of the English alphabet (such as
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small caps) can be produced by doubling the capital letter:</p>
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<pre><code> GG → ɢ ?? → ʔ NN → ɴ BB → ʙ RR → ʀ XX → χ
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LL → ʟ II → ɪ YY → ʏ UU → ʊ EE → ɛ OO → ɞ
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AA → ɑ '' → ˈ ,, → ˌ :: → ː
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The slash is used to "reflect," "rotate," or otherwise flip around a given
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symbol:</p>
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<pre><code> ʀ/ → ʁ ʔ/ → ʕ ?/ → ʕ r/ → ɹ y/ → ʎ m/ → ɯ
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o/ → ø e/ → ə ɛ/ → ɜ c/ → ɔ a/ → ɐ ɑ/ → ɒ
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w/ → ʍ h/ → ɥ k/ → ʞ !/ → ¡ v/ → ʌ
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</code></pre>
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<p>Also note that for any digraph, if either of the two characters that
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compose it are not "standard" letters you can find on your keyboard, the
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digraph can be done in reverse order—so since ʀ/ produces ʁ, you can press
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/ again to go back to ʀ in case of accidental flippage (it's also weirdly
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amusing to press RR///////).</p>
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<p>This sometimes makes it easier to enter certain pairs; you may prefer to
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use <code>AA</code> for <code>ɑ</code> and <code>AA/</code> for <code>ɒ</code> instead of the
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visual <code>o|</code> and <code>|o</code>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Digraphs have also been designed for when a symbol looks like two overlayed
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characters, or two characters next to each other. This includes "hooked"
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letters (such as ŋ), produced with the original letter and a comma, and
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"stroked" letters (such as ɟ), produced with the original letter and a dash:</p>
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<pre><code> m, → ɱ n, → ŋ ŋ, → ɲ v, → ⱱ c, → ç j, → ʝ
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x, → ɣ ɣ, → χ h, → ɦ w, → ɰ
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j- → ɟ h- → ħ l- → ɬ i- → ɨ u- → ʉ e- → ɘ
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o- → ɵ ʕ- → ʢ ?- → ʡ ʔ- → ʡ
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LZ → ɮ OX → ɤ XO → ɤ OE → œ EB → ɞ AE → æ
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CE → ɶ RL → ɺ LR → ɺ ɾl → ɺ lɾ → ɺ
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w| → ɰ o/ → ø ɜ( → ɞ /\ → ʌ o| → ɑ a| → ɑ
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|o → ɒ |a → ɒ
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o. → ʘ |= → ǂ || → ‖ /^ → ↗ /> → ↗ \v → ↘
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\> → ↘
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Others are based on pronunciation:</p>
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<pre><code> PH → ɸ BH → β TH → θ DH → ð SH → ʃ ZH → ʒ
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SJ → ɕ ZJ → ʑ ʃx → ɧ xʃ → ɧ
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</code></pre>
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<p>It may be worth noting at this point that digraphs of two lowercase letters
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were intentionally avoided to prevent interference with regular typing. If
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you need to type a sequence without it turning into a digraph (maybe you
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want to type an actual <code>ʃx</code>), place a backslash between the two characters
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(so, type <code>ʃ\x</code>).</p>
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<p>In fact, [backslash][anything] is treated as a digraph that simply resolves
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to the second character.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>A few digraphs are based on shape:</p>
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<pre><code> rO → ɾ r0 → ɾ vO → ʋ v0 → ʋ
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</code></pre>
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<p>Another related point: digraphs that contain a lowercase letter can also be
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typed with that letter as uppercase. So, if <code>RO</code> is easier to type than
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<code>rO</code>, that works as well.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Retroflex and nonpulmonic symbols have their own categories:</p>
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<pre><code> retroflex: ) looks like the shape of the tongue
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t) → ʈ d) → ɖ n) → ɳ r) → ɽ ɾ) → ɽ s) → ʂ
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z) → ʐ ɹ) → ɻ l) → ɭ ɗ) → ᶑ
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clicks: clicking noise reminiscent of a *
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o* → ʘ |* → ǀ !* → ǃ =* → ǁ
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implosives and ejective marker: direction of airflow
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b( → ɓ d( → ɗ j( → ʄ ɟ( → ʄ g( → ɠ ɢ( → ʛ
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ɖ( → ᶑ ') → ʼ
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Superscripts and diacritics that go above the letter use <code>^</code>, diacritics that
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go below use <code>_</code>, and miscellaneous "moved" symbols
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use <code><</code> or <code>></code>:</p>
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<pre><code> ^h → ʰ ^n → ⁿ ^m → ᵐ ^ŋ → ᵑ ^l → ˡ ^w → ʷ
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^j → ʲ ^ɥ → ᶣ ^ʋ → ᶹ ^ɣ → ˠ ^ʕ → ˤ
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_| → ◌̩ ^| → ◌̍ _o → ◌̥ ^o → ◌̊ _v → ◌̬ ^v → ◌̌
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_^ → ◌̯ _: → ◌̤ _~ → ◌̰ _[ → ◌̪ _] → ◌̺ _{ → ◌̼
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_+ → ◌̟ __ → ◌̠ _) → ◌̹ _( → ◌̜ _# → ◌̻ [] → ◌̻
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^> → ◌̚ ^: → ◌̈ ^x → ◌̽ ^~ → ◌̃
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-' → ˔ _˔ → ◌̝ -, → ˕ _˕ → ◌̞ <| → ⊣ _⊣ → ◌̘
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>| → ⊢ _⊢ → ◌̙
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~~ → ◌̴ >r → ˞
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</code></pre>
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<p>Note that all of these sequences can be flipped in order—that is, <code>^h</code>
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produces the same thing as <code>h^</code>. This allows usage such as <code>|<_</code> to produce
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<code>⊣_</code> which becomes ◌̘.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Tonal countours use numbers plus <code>|</code>:</p>
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<pre><code> 5| → ˥ 4| → ˦ 3| → ˧ 2| → ˨ 1| → ˩
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+| → ꜛ -| → ꜜ
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Finally, some digraphs simply have unique mnemonics:</p>
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<pre><code> ː- → ˑ "chop off" the bottom triangle
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(( → ◌͡◌ two parens for a tie that connects 2 chars
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)) → ◌͜◌
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◌͜◌) → ‿ one more paren to make it a little bit longer
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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</ul> |