Lexiconga/src_2.x/js/KeyboardFire/phondue/usage.html

<h1>Pronunciation Field Help</h1>
<p>The Pronunciation field in Lexiconga utilizes <a href='https://github.com/KeyboardFire/phondue' target='_blank'>KeyboardFire's
Phondue</a> web script to make typing IPA pronunciations much more convenient. While you
can still point and click to select IPA characters using the IPA table,
Phondue provides many two-key keyboard shortcuts called <strong>digraphs</strong>
that allow you to type any IPA symbol with only a standard keyboard.</p>
<p>These symbols were decided to be intuitive as possible:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Many symbols that look similar to letters of the English alphabet (such as
small caps) can be produced by doubling the capital letter:</p>
<pre><code>  GG &rarr; ɢ   ?? &rarr; ʔ   NN &rarr; ɴ   BB &rarr; ʙ   RR &rarr; ʀ   XX &rarr; χ
  LL &rarr; ʟ   II &rarr; ɪ   YY &rarr; ʏ   UU &rarr; ʊ   EE &rarr; ɛ   OO &rarr; ɞ
  AA &rarr; ɑ   '' &rarr; ˈ   ,, &rarr; ˌ   :: &rarr; ː
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>The slash is used to &quot;reflect,&quot; &quot;rotate,&quot; or otherwise flip around a given
symbol:</p>
<pre><code>  ʀ/ &rarr; ʁ   ʔ/ &rarr; ʕ   ?/ &rarr; ʕ   r/ &rarr; ɹ   y/ &rarr; ʎ   m/ &rarr; ɯ
  o/ &rarr; ø   e/ &rarr; ə   ɛ/ &rarr; ɜ   c/ &rarr; ɔ   a/ &rarr; ɐ   ɑ/ &rarr; ɒ
  w/ &rarr; ʍ   h/ &rarr; ɥ   k/ &rarr; ʞ   !/ &rarr; ¡   v/ &rarr; ʌ
</code></pre>
<p>Also note that for any digraph, if either of the two characters that
compose it are not &quot;standard&quot; letters you can find on your keyboard, the
digraph can be done in reverse order—so since ʀ/ produces ʁ, you can press
/ again to go back to ʀ in case of accidental flippage (it's also weirdly
amusing to press RR///////).</p>
<p>This sometimes makes it easier to enter certain pairs; you may prefer to
use <code>AA</code> for <code>ɑ</code> and <code>AA/</code> for <code>ɒ</code> instead of the
visual <code>o|</code> and <code>|o</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Digraphs have also been designed for when a symbol looks like two overlayed
characters, or two characters next to each other. This includes &quot;hooked&quot;
letters (such as ŋ), produced with the original letter and a comma, and
&quot;stroked&quot; letters (such as ɟ), produced with the original letter and a dash:</p>
<pre><code>  m, &rarr; ɱ   n, &rarr; ŋ   ŋ, &rarr; ɲ   v, &rarr; ⱱ   c, &rarr; ç   j, &rarr; ʝ
  x, &rarr; ɣ   ɣ, &rarr; χ   h, &rarr; ɦ   w, &rarr; ɰ

  j- &rarr; ɟ   h- &rarr; ħ   l- &rarr; ɬ   i- &rarr; ɨ   u- &rarr; ʉ   e- &rarr; ɘ
  o- &rarr; ɵ   ʕ- &rarr; ʢ   ?- &rarr; ʡ   ʔ- &rarr; ʡ

  LZ &rarr; ɮ   OX &rarr; ɤ   XO &rarr; ɤ   OE &rarr; œ   EB &rarr; ɞ   AE &rarr; æ
  CE &rarr; ɶ   RL &rarr; ɺ   LR &rarr; ɺ   ɾl &rarr; ɺ   lɾ &rarr; ɺ

  w| &rarr; ɰ   o/ &rarr; ø   ɜ( &rarr; ɞ   /\ &rarr; ʌ   o| &rarr; ɑ   a| &rarr; ɑ
  |o &rarr; ɒ   |a &rarr; ɒ

  o. &rarr; ʘ   |= &rarr; ǂ   || &rarr; ‖   /^ &rarr; ↗   /&gt; &rarr; ↗   \v &rarr; ↘
  \&gt; &rarr; ↘
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Others are based on pronunciation:</p>
<pre><code>  PH &rarr; ɸ   BH &rarr; β   TH &rarr; θ   DH &rarr; ð   SH &rarr; ʃ   ZH &rarr; ʒ
  SJ &rarr; ɕ   ZJ &rarr; ʑ   ʃx &rarr; ɧ   xʃ &rarr; ɧ
</code></pre>
<p>It may be worth noting at this point that digraphs of two lowercase letters
were intentionally avoided to prevent interference with regular typing. If
you need to type a sequence without it turning into a digraph (maybe you
want to type an actual <code>ʃx</code>), place a backslash between the two characters
(so, type <code>ʃ\x</code>).</p>
<p>In fact, [backslash][anything] is treated as a digraph that simply resolves
to the second character.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A few digraphs are based on shape:</p>
<pre><code>  rO &rarr; ɾ   r0 &rarr; ɾ   vO &rarr; ʋ   v0 &rarr; ʋ
</code></pre>
<p>Another related point: digraphs that contain a lowercase letter can also be
typed with that letter as uppercase. So, if <code>RO</code> is easier to type than
<code>rO</code>, that works as well.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Retroflex and nonpulmonic symbols have their own categories:</p>
<pre><code>  retroflex: ) looks like the shape of the tongue
  t) &rarr; ʈ   d) &rarr; ɖ   n) &rarr; ɳ   r) &rarr; ɽ   ɾ) &rarr; ɽ   s) &rarr; ʂ
  z) &rarr; ʐ   ɹ) &rarr; ɻ   l) &rarr; ɭ   ɗ) &rarr; ᶑ

  clicks: clicking noise reminiscent of a *
  o* &rarr; ʘ   |* &rarr; ǀ   !* &rarr; ǃ   =* &rarr; ǁ

  implosives and ejective marker: direction of airflow
  b( &rarr; ɓ   d( &rarr; ɗ   j( &rarr; ʄ   ɟ( &rarr; ʄ   g( &rarr; ɠ   ɢ( &rarr; ʛ
  ɖ( &rarr; ᶑ   ') &rarr; ʼ
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Superscripts and diacritics that go above the letter use <code>^</code>, diacritics that
go below use <code>_</code>, and miscellaneous &quot;moved&quot; symbols
use <code>&lt;</code> or <code>&gt;</code>:</p>
<pre><code>  ^h &rarr; ʰ   ^n &rarr; ⁿ   ^m &rarr; ᵐ   ^ŋ &rarr; ᵑ   ^l &rarr; ˡ   ^w &rarr; ʷ
  ^j &rarr; ʲ   ^ɥ &rarr; ᶣ   ^ʋ &rarr; ᶹ   ^ɣ &rarr; ˠ   ^ʕ &rarr; ˤ

  _| &rarr; ◌̩   ^| &rarr; ◌̍   _o &rarr; ◌̥   ^o &rarr; ◌̊   _v &rarr; ◌̬   ^v &rarr; ◌̌

  _^ &rarr; ◌̯   _: &rarr; ◌̤   _~ &rarr; ◌̰   _[ &rarr; ◌̪   _] &rarr; ◌̺   _{ &rarr; ◌̼
  _+ &rarr; ◌̟   __ &rarr; ◌̠   _) &rarr; ◌̹   _( &rarr; ◌̜   _# &rarr; ◌̻   [] &rarr; ◌̻

  ^&gt; &rarr; ◌̚   ^: &rarr; ◌̈   ^x &rarr; ◌̽   ^~ &rarr; ◌̃

  -' &rarr; ˔   _˔ &rarr; ◌̝   -, &rarr; ˕   _˕ &rarr; ◌̞   &lt;| &rarr; ⊣   _⊣ &rarr; ◌̘
  &gt;| &rarr; ⊢   _⊢ &rarr; ◌̙

  ~~ &rarr; ◌̴   &gt;r &rarr; ˞
</code></pre>
<p>Note that all of these sequences can be flipped in order—that is, <code>^h</code>
produces the same thing as <code>h^</code>. This allows usage such as <code>|&lt;_</code> to produce
<code>⊣_</code> which becomes ◌̘.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tonal countours use numbers plus <code>|</code>:</p>
<pre><code>  5| &rarr; ˥   4| &rarr; ˦   3| &rarr; ˧   2| &rarr; ˨   1| &rarr; ˩
  +| &rarr; ꜛ   -| &rarr; ꜜ
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finally, some digraphs simply have unique mnemonics:</p>
<pre><code>  ː-  &rarr; ˑ   &quot;chop off&quot; the bottom triangle
  ((  &rarr; ◌͡◌  two parens for a tie that connects 2 chars
  ))  &rarr; ◌͜◌
  ◌͜◌) &rarr; ‿   one more paren to make it a little bit longer
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>