Lexiconga/vendor/KeyboardFire/phondue/usage.html

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<p>The Pronunciation field in Lexiconga utilizes <a href='https://github.com/KeyboardFire/phondue' target='_blank'>KeyboardFire's
Phondue</a> web script to make typing IPA pronunciations much more convenient. While you
can still point and click to select IPA characters using the IPA table,
Phondue provides many two-key keyboard shortcuts called <strong>digraphs</strong>
that allow you to type any IPA symbol with only a standard keyboard.</p>
<p>These symbols were decided to be intuitive as possible:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Many symbols that look similar to letters of the English alphabet (such as
small caps) can be produced by doubling the capital letter:</p>
<pre><code> GG -&gt; ɢ ?? -&gt; ʔ NN -&gt; ɴ BB -&gt; ʙ RR -&gt; ʀ XX -&gt; χ
LL -&gt; ʟ II -&gt; ɪ YY -&gt; ʏ UU -&gt; ʊ EE -&gt; ɛ OO -&gt; ɞ
AA -&gt; ɑ '' -&gt; ˈ ,, -&gt; ˌ :: -&gt; ː
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>The slash is used to &quot;reflect,&quot; &quot;rotate,&quot; or otherwise flip around a given
symbol:</p>
<pre><code> ʀ/ -&gt; ʁ ʔ/ -&gt; ʕ ?/ -&gt; ʕ r/ -&gt; ɹ y/ -&gt; ʎ m/ -&gt; ɯ
o/ -&gt; ø e/ -&gt; ə ɛ/ -&gt; ɜ c/ -&gt; ɔ a/ -&gt; ɐ ɑ/ -&gt; ɒ
w/ -&gt; ʍ h/ -&gt; ɥ k/ -&gt; ʞ !/ -&gt; ¡ v/ -&gt; ʌ
</code></pre>
<p>Also note that for any digraph, if either of the two characters that
compose it are not &quot;standard&quot; letters you can find on your keyboard, the
digraph can be done in reverse order—so since ʀ/ produces ʁ, you can press
/ again to go back to ʀ in case of accidental flippage (it's also weirdly
amusing to press RR///////).</p>
<p>This sometimes makes it easier to enter certain pairs; you may prefer to
use <code>AA</code> for <code>ɑ</code> and <code>AA/</code> for <code>ɒ</code> instead of the
visual <code>o|</code> and <code>|o</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Digraphs have also been designed for when a symbol looks like two overlayed
characters, or two characters next to each other. This includes &quot;hooked&quot;
letters (such as ŋ), produced with the original letter and a comma, and
&quot;stroked&quot; letters (such as ɟ), produced with the original letter and a dash:</p>
<pre><code> m, -&gt; ɱ n, -&gt; ŋ ŋ, -&gt; ɲ v, -&gt; ⱱ c, -&gt; ç j, -&gt; ʝ
x, -&gt; ɣ ɣ, -&gt; χ h, -&gt; ɦ w, -&gt; ɰ
j- -&gt; ɟ h- -&gt; ħ l- -&gt; ɬ i- -&gt; ɨ u- -&gt; ʉ e- -&gt; ɘ
o- -&gt; ɵ ʕ- -&gt; ʢ ?- -&gt; ʡ ʔ- -&gt; ʡ
LZ -&gt; ɮ OX -&gt; ɤ XO -&gt; ɤ OE -&gt; œ EB -&gt; ɞ AE -&gt; æ
CE -&gt; ɶ RL -&gt; ɺ LR -&gt; ɺ ɾl -&gt; ɺ lɾ -&gt; ɺ
w| -&gt; ɰ o/ -&gt; ø ɜ( -&gt; ɞ /\ -&gt; ʌ o| -&gt; ɑ a| -&gt; ɑ
|o -&gt; ɒ |a -&gt; ɒ
o. -&gt; ʘ |= -&gt; ǂ || -&gt; ‖ /^ -&gt; ↗ /&gt; -&gt; ↗ \v -&gt;
\&gt; -&gt;
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Others are based on pronunciation:</p>
<pre><code> PH -&gt; ɸ BH -&gt; β TH -&gt; θ DH -&gt; ð SH -&gt; ʃ ZH -&gt; ʒ
SJ -&gt; ɕ ZJ -&gt; ʑ ʃx -&gt; ɧ xʃ -&gt; ɧ
</code></pre>
<p>It may be worth noting at this point that digraphs of two lowercase letters
were intentionally avoided to prevent interference with regular typing. If
you need to type a sequence without it turning into a digraph (maybe you
want to type an actual <code>ʃx</code>), place a backslash between the two characters
(so, type <code>ʃ\x</code>).</p>
<p>In fact, [backslash][anything] is treated as a digraph that simply resolves
to the second character.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A few digraphs are based on shape:</p>
<pre><code> rO -&gt; ɾ r0 -&gt; ɾ vO -&gt; ʋ v0 -&gt; ʋ
</code></pre>
<p>Another related point: digraphs that contain a lowercase letter can also be
typed with that letter as uppercase. So, if <code>RO</code> is easier to type than
<code>rO</code>, that works as well.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Retroflex and nonpulmonic symbols have their own categories:</p>
<pre><code> retroflex: ) looks like the shape of the tongue
t) -&gt; ʈ d) -&gt; ɖ n) -&gt; ɳ r) -&gt; ɽ ɾ) -&gt; ɽ s) -&gt; ʂ
z) -&gt; ʐ ɹ) -&gt; ɻ l) -&gt; ɭ ɗ) -&gt;
clicks: clicking noise reminiscent of a *
o* -&gt; ʘ |* -&gt; ǀ !* -&gt; ǃ =* -&gt; ǁ
implosives and ejective marker: direction of airflow
b( -&gt; ɓ d( -&gt; ɗ j( -&gt; ʄ ɟ( -&gt; ʄ g( -&gt; ɠ ɢ( -&gt; ʛ
ɖ( -&gt; ᶑ ') -&gt; ʼ
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Superscripts and diacritics that go above the letter use <code>^</code>, diacritics that
go below use <code>_</code>, and miscellaneous &quot;moved&quot; symbols
use <code>&lt;</code> or <code>&gt;</code>:</p>
<pre><code> ^h -&gt; ʰ ^n -&gt; ⁿ ^m -&gt; ᵐ ^ŋ -&gt; ᵑ ^l -&gt; ˡ ^w -&gt; ʷ
^j -&gt; ʲ ^ɥ -&gt; ᶣ ^ʋ -&gt; ᶹ ^ɣ -&gt; ˠ ^ʕ -&gt; ˤ
_| -&gt; ◌̩ ^| -&gt; ◌̍ _o -&gt; ◌̥ ^o -&gt; ◌̊ _v -&gt; ◌̬ ^v -&gt; ◌̌
_^ -&gt; ◌̯ _: -&gt; ◌̤ _~ -&gt; ◌̰ _[ -&gt; ◌̪ _] -&gt; ◌̺ _{ -&gt; ◌̼
_+ -&gt; ◌̟ __ -&gt; ◌̠ _) -&gt; ◌̹ _( -&gt; ◌̜ _# -&gt; ◌̻ [] -&gt; ◌̻
^&gt; -&gt; ◌̚ ^: -&gt; ◌̈ ^x -&gt; ◌̽ ^~ -&gt; ◌̃
-' -&gt; ˔ _˔ -&gt; ◌̝ -, -&gt; ˕ _˕ -&gt; ◌̞ &lt;| -&gt; ⊣ _⊣ -&gt; ◌̘
&gt;| -&gt; ⊢ _⊢ -&gt; ◌̙
~~ -&gt; ◌̴ &gt;r -&gt; ˞
</code></pre>
<p>Note that all of these sequences can be flipped in order—that is, <code>^h</code>
produces the same thing as <code>h^</code>. This allows usage such as <code>|&lt;_</code> to produce
<code>⊣_</code> which becomes ◌̘.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tonal countours use numbers plus <code>|</code>:</p>
<pre><code> 5| -&gt; ˥ 4| -&gt; ˦ 3| -&gt; ˧ 2| -&gt; ˨ 1| -&gt; ˩
+| -&gt; ꜛ -| -&gt;
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finally, some digraphs simply have unique mnemonics:</p>
<pre><code> ː- -&gt; ˑ &quot;chop off&quot; the bottom triangle
(( -&gt; ◌͡◌ two parens for a tie that connects 2 chars
)) -&gt; ◌͜◌
◌͜◌) -&gt; ‿ one more paren to make it a little bit longer
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>