125 lines
6.0 KiB
HTML
125 lines
6.0 KiB
HTML
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<h2>Usage</h2>
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<p>As seen in the above table, certain symbols of the IPA can be entered by
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clicking on them. However, it is far more efficient to use the many keyboard
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shortcuts that Phondue provides. These are called <strong>digraphs</strong>, since they are
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made up of two letters, and they allow you to type any IPA symbol with only a
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standard keyboard.</p>
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<p>These symbols were decided to be intuitive as possible:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Many symbols that look similar to letters of the English alphabet (such as
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small caps) can be produced by doubling the capital letter:</p>
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<pre><code> GG -> ɢ ?? -> ʔ NN -> ɴ BB -> ʙ RR -> ʀ XX -> χ
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LL -> ʟ II -> ɪ YY -> ʏ UU -> ʊ EE -> ɛ OO -> ɞ
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AA -> ɑ '' -> ˈ ,, -> ˌ :: -> ː
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The slash is used to "reflect," "rotate," or otherwise flip around a given
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symbol:</p>
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<pre><code> ʀ/ -> ʁ ʔ/ -> ʕ ?/ -> ʕ r/ -> ɹ y/ -> ʎ m/ -> ɯ
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o/ -> ø e/ -> ə ɛ/ -> ɜ c/ -> ɔ a/ -> ɐ ɑ/ -> ɒ
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w/ -> ʍ h/ -> ɥ k/ -> ʞ !/ -> ¡ v/ -> ʌ
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</code></pre>
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<p>Also note that for any digraph, if either of the two characters that
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compose it are not "standard" letters you can find on your keyboard, the
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digraph can be done in reverse order—so since ʀ/ produces ʁ, you can press
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/ again to go back to ʀ in case of accidental flippage (it's also weirdly
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amusing to press RR///////).</p>
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<p>This sometimes makes it easier to enter certain pairs; you may prefer to
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use <code>AA</code> for <code>ɑ</code> and <code>AA/</code> for <code>ɒ</code> instead of the visual <code>o|</code> and <code>|o</code>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Digraphs have also been designed for when a symbol looks like two overlayed
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characters, or two characters next to each other. This includes "hooked"
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letters (such as ŋ), produced with the original letter and a comma, and
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"stroked" letters (such as ɟ), produced with the original letter and a dash:</p>
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<pre><code> m, -> ɱ n, -> ŋ ŋ, -> ɲ v, -> ⱱ c, -> ç j, -> ʝ
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x, -> ɣ ɣ, -> χ h, -> ɦ w, -> ɰ
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j- -> ɟ h- -> ħ l- -> ɬ i- -> ɨ u- -> ʉ e- -> ɘ
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o- -> ɵ ʕ- -> ʢ ?- -> ʡ ʔ- -> ʡ
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LZ -> ɮ OX -> ɤ XO -> ɤ OE -> œ EB -> ɞ AE -> æ
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CE -> ɶ RL -> ɺ LR -> ɺ ɾl -> ɺ lɾ -> ɺ
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w| -> ɰ o/ -> ø ɜ( -> ɞ /\ -> ʌ o| -> ɑ a| -> ɑ
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|o -> ɒ |a -> ɒ
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o. -> ʘ |= -> ǂ || -> ‖ /^ -> ↗ /> -> ↗ \v -> ↘
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\> -> ↘
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Others are based on pronunciation:</p>
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<pre><code> PH -> ɸ BH -> β TH -> θ DH -> ð SH -> ʃ ZH -> ʒ
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SJ -> ɕ ZJ -> ʑ ʃx -> ɧ xʃ -> ɧ
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</code></pre>
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<p>It may be worth noting at this point that digraphs of two lowercase letters
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were intentionally avoided to prevent interference with regular typing. If
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you need to type a sequence without it turning into a digraph (maybe you
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want to type an actual <code>ʃx</code>), place a backslash between the two characters
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(so, type <code>ʃ\x</code>).</p>
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<p>In fact, [backslash][anything] is treated as a digraph that simply resolves
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to the second character.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>A few digraphs are based on shape:</p>
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<pre><code> rO -> ɾ r0 -> ɾ vO -> ʋ v0 -> ʋ
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</code></pre>
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<p>Another related point: digraphs that contain a lowercase letter can also be
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typed with that letter as uppercase. So, if <code>RO</code> is easier to type than
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<code>rO</code>, that works as well.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Retroflex and nonpulmonic symbols have their own categories:</p>
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<pre><code> retroflex: ) looks like the shape of the tongue
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t) -> ʈ d) -> ɖ n) -> ɳ r) -> ɽ ɾ) -> ɽ s) -> ʂ
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z) -> ʐ ɹ) -> ɻ l) -> ɭ ɗ) -> ᶑ
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clicks: clicking noise reminiscent of a *
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o* -> ʘ |* -> ǀ !* -> ǃ =* -> ǁ
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implosives and ejective marker: direction of airflow
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b( -> ɓ d( -> ɗ j( -> ʄ ɟ( -> ʄ g( -> ɠ ɢ( -> ʛ
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ɖ( -> ᶑ ') -> ʼ
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Superscripts and diacritics that go above the letter use <code>^</code>, diacritics that
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go below use <code>_</code>, and miscellaneous "moved" symbols use <code><</code> or <code>></code>:</p>
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<pre><code> ^h -> ʰ ^n -> ⁿ ^m -> ᵐ ^ŋ -> ᵑ ^l -> ˡ ^w -> ʷ
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^j -> ʲ ^ɥ -> ᶣ ^ʋ -> ᶹ ^ɣ -> ˠ ^ʕ -> ˤ
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_| -> ◌̩ ^| -> ◌̍ _o -> ◌̥ ^o -> ◌̊ _v -> ◌̬ ^v -> ◌̌
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_^ -> ◌̯ _: -> ◌̤ _~ -> ◌̰ _[ -> ◌̪ _] -> ◌̺ _{ -> ◌̼
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_+ -> ◌̟ __ -> ◌̠ _) -> ◌̹ _( -> ◌̜ _# -> ◌̻ [] -> ◌̻
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^> -> ◌̚ ^: -> ◌̈ ^x -> ◌̽ ^~ -> ◌̃
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-' -> ˔ _˔ -> ◌̝ -, -> ˕ _˕ -> ◌̞ <| -> ⊣ _⊣ -> ◌̘
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>| -> ⊢ _⊢ -> ◌̙
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~~ -> ◌̴ >r -> ˞
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</code></pre>
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<p>Note that all of these sequences can be flipped in order—that is, <code>^h</code>
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produces the same thing as <code>h^</code>. This allows usage such as <code>|<_</code> to produce
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<code>⊣_</code> which becomes ◌̘.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Tonal countours use numbers plus <code>|</code>:</p>
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<pre><code> 5| -> ˥ 4| -> ˦ 3| -> ˧ 2| -> ˨ 1| -> ˩
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+| -> ꜛ -| -> ꜜ
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Finally, some digraphs simply have unique mnemonics:</p>
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<pre><code> ː- -> ˑ "chop off" the bottom triangle
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(( -> ◌͡◌ two parens for a tie that connects 2 chars
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)) -> ◌͜◌
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◌͜◌) -> ‿ one more paren to make it a little bit longer
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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</ul>
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