126 lines
6.1 KiB
HTML
126 lines
6.1 KiB
HTML
|
<h1>Pronunciation Field Help</h1>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The Pronunciation field in Lexiconga utilizes <a href='https://github.com/KeyboardFire/phondue' target='_blank'>KeyboardFire's
|
|||
|
|
Phondue</a> web script to make typing IPA pronunciations much more convenient. While you
|
|||
|
|
can still point and click to select IPA characters using the IPA table,
|
|||
|
|
Phondue provides many two-key keyboard shortcuts called <strong>digraphs</strong>
|
|||
|
|
that allow you to type any IPA symbol with only a standard keyboard.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>These symbols were decided to be intuitive as possible:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Many symbols that look similar to letters of the English alphabet (such as
|
|||
|
|
small caps) can be produced by doubling the capital letter:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> GG -> ɢ ?? -> ʔ NN -> ɴ BB -> ʙ RR -> ʀ XX -> χ
|
|||
|
|
LL -> ʟ II -> ɪ YY -> ʏ UU -> ʊ EE -> ɛ OO -> ɞ
|
|||
|
|
AA -> ɑ '' -> ˈ ,, -> ˌ :: -> ː
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The slash is used to "reflect," "rotate," or otherwise flip around a given
|
|||
|
|
symbol:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> ʀ/ -> ʁ ʔ/ -> ʕ ?/ -> ʕ r/ -> ɹ y/ -> ʎ m/ -> ɯ
|
|||
|
|
o/ -> ø e/ -> ə ɛ/ -> ɜ c/ -> ɔ a/ -> ɐ ɑ/ -> ɒ
|
|||
|
|
w/ -> ʍ h/ -> ɥ k/ -> ʞ !/ -> ¡ v/ -> ʌ
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Also note that for any digraph, if either of the two characters that
|
|||
|
|
compose it are not "standard" letters you can find on your keyboard, the
|
|||
|
|
digraph can be done in reverse order—so since ʀ/ produces ʁ, you can press
|
|||
|
|
/ again to go back to ʀ in case of accidental flippage (it's also weirdly
|
|||
|
|
amusing to press RR///////).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This sometimes makes it easier to enter certain pairs; you may prefer to
|
|||
|
|
use <code>AA</code> for <code>ɑ</code> and <code>AA/</code> for <code>ɒ</code> instead of the
|
|||
|
|
visual <code>o|</code> and <code>|o</code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Digraphs have also been designed for when a symbol looks like two overlayed
|
|||
|
|
characters, or two characters next to each other. This includes "hooked"
|
|||
|
|
letters (such as ŋ), produced with the original letter and a comma, and
|
|||
|
|
"stroked" letters (such as ɟ), produced with the original letter and a dash:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> m, -> ɱ n, -> ŋ ŋ, -> ɲ v, -> ⱱ c, -> ç j, -> ʝ
|
|||
|
|
x, -> ɣ ɣ, -> χ h, -> ɦ w, -> ɰ
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
j- -> ɟ h- -> ħ l- -> ɬ i- -> ɨ u- -> ʉ e- -> ɘ
|
|||
|
|
o- -> ɵ ʕ- -> ʢ ?- -> ʡ ʔ- -> ʡ
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
LZ -> ɮ OX -> ɤ XO -> ɤ OE -> œ EB -> ɞ AE -> æ
|
|||
|
|
CE -> ɶ RL -> ɺ LR -> ɺ ɾl -> ɺ lɾ -> ɺ
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
w| -> ɰ o/ -> ø ɜ( -> ɞ /\ -> ʌ o| -> ɑ a| -> ɑ
|
|||
|
|
|o -> ɒ |a -> ɒ
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
o. -> ʘ |= -> ǂ || -> ‖ /^ -> ↗ /> -> ↗ \v -> ↘
|
|||
|
|
\> -> ↘
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Others are based on pronunciation:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> PH -> ɸ BH -> β TH -> θ DH -> ð SH -> ʃ ZH -> ʒ
|
|||
|
|
SJ -> ɕ ZJ -> ʑ ʃx -> ɧ xʃ -> ɧ
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>It may be worth noting at this point that digraphs of two lowercase letters
|
|||
|
|
were intentionally avoided to prevent interference with regular typing. If
|
|||
|
|
you need to type a sequence without it turning into a digraph (maybe you
|
|||
|
|
want to type an actual <code>ʃx</code>), place a backslash between the two characters
|
|||
|
|
(so, type <code>ʃ\x</code>).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>In fact, [backslash][anything] is treated as a digraph that simply resolves
|
|||
|
|
to the second character.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>A few digraphs are based on shape:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> rO -> ɾ r0 -> ɾ vO -> ʋ v0 -> ʋ
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Another related point: digraphs that contain a lowercase letter can also be
|
|||
|
|
typed with that letter as uppercase. So, if <code>RO</code> is easier to type than
|
|||
|
|
<code>rO</code>, that works as well.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Retroflex and nonpulmonic symbols have their own categories:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> retroflex: ) looks like the shape of the tongue
|
|||
|
|
t) -> ʈ d) -> ɖ n) -> ɳ r) -> ɽ ɾ) -> ɽ s) -> ʂ
|
|||
|
|
z) -> ʐ ɹ) -> ɻ l) -> ɭ ɗ) -> ᶑ
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
clicks: clicking noise reminiscent of a *
|
|||
|
|
o* -> ʘ |* -> ǀ !* -> ǃ =* -> ǁ
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
implosives and ejective marker: direction of airflow
|
|||
|
|
b( -> ɓ d( -> ɗ j( -> ʄ ɟ( -> ʄ g( -> ɠ ɢ( -> ʛ
|
|||
|
|
ɖ( -> ᶑ ') -> ʼ
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Superscripts and diacritics that go above the letter use <code>^</code>, diacritics that
|
|||
|
|
go below use <code>_</code>, and miscellaneous "moved" symbols
|
|||
|
|
use <code><</code> or <code>></code>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> ^h -> ʰ ^n -> ⁿ ^m -> ᵐ ^ŋ -> ᵑ ^l -> ˡ ^w -> ʷ
|
|||
|
|
^j -> ʲ ^ɥ -> ᶣ ^ʋ -> ᶹ ^ɣ -> ˠ ^ʕ -> ˤ
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
_| -> ◌̩ ^| -> ◌̍ _o -> ◌̥ ^o -> ◌̊ _v -> ◌̬ ^v -> ◌̌
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
_^ -> ◌̯ _: -> ◌̤ _~ -> ◌̰ _[ -> ◌̪ _] -> ◌̺ _{ -> ◌̼
|
|||
|
|
_+ -> ◌̟ __ -> ◌̠ _) -> ◌̹ _( -> ◌̜ _# -> ◌̻ [] -> ◌̻
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
^> -> ◌̚ ^: -> ◌̈ ^x -> ◌̽ ^~ -> ◌̃
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
-' -> ˔ _˔ -> ◌̝ -, -> ˕ _˕ -> ◌̞ <| -> ⊣ _⊣ -> ◌̘
|
|||
|
|
>| -> ⊢ _⊢ -> ◌̙
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
~~ -> ◌̴ >r -> ˞
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Note that all of these sequences can be flipped in order—that is, <code>^h</code>
|
|||
|
|
produces the same thing as <code>h^</code>. This allows usage such as <code>|<_</code> to produce
|
|||
|
|
<code>⊣_</code> which becomes ◌̘.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Tonal countours use numbers plus <code>|</code>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> 5| -> ˥ 4| -> ˦ 3| -> ˧ 2| -> ˨ 1| -> ˩
|
|||
|
|
+| -> ꜛ -| -> ꜜ
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Finally, some digraphs simply have unique mnemonics:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code> ː- -> ˑ "chop off" the bottom triangle
|
|||
|
|
(( -> ◌͡◌ two parens for a tie that connects 2 chars
|
|||
|
|
)) -> ◌͜◌
|
|||
|
|
◌͜◌) -> ‿ one more paren to make it a little bit longer
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|