+ Hover over characters to see their Phondue shortcuts. +
+| + | ++ Bilabial + | ++ Labiodental + | ++ Dental + | ++ Alveolar + | ++ Postalveolar + | ++ Palatal + | ++ Velar + | ++ Uvular + | ++ Pharyngeal + | ++ Glottal + | +||||||||||
| + Plosive + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | +
| + Nasal + | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +
| + Trill + | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +
| + Tap/Flap + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +
| + Fricative + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | +
| + Lateral fricative + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +
| + Approximant + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +
| + Lateral approximant + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +
| + | ++ Front + | ++ Central + | ++ Back + | ++ | ++ Non-pulmonic + | ++ | ++ Other + | ++ | ++ Diacritics + | +|||||||||||
| + Close + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | +|
| + Near-close + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | +|
| + Close-mid + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | +|
| + Mid + | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | +
| + Open-mid + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | +|
| + Near-open + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +|||||||
| + Open + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ + | ++ + | ++ | ++ Suprasegmental + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | ++ + | +|
| - | -- Bilabial - | -- Labiodental - | -- Dental - | -- Alveolar - | -- Postalveolar - | -- Palatal - | -- Velar - | -- Uvular - | -- Pharyngeal - | -- Glottal - | -||||||||||
| - Plosive - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -
| - Nasal - | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Trill - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Tap/Flap - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Fricative - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -
| - Lateral fricative - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Approximant - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Lateral approximant - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - | -- Front - | -- Central - | -- Back - | -- | -- Non-pulmonic - | -- | -- Other - | -- | -- Diacritics - | -|||||||||||
| - Close - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
| - Near-close - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
| - Close-mid - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
| - Mid - | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -
| - Open-mid - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
| - Near-open - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -|||||||
| - Open - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- Suprasegmental - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
An IPA entry tool so good, it's delicious
-Desktop version | Hover over any symbol to view its digraphs (ex. TH → θ)
As seen in the above table, certain symbols of the IPA can be entered by -clicking on them. However, it is far more efficient to use the many keyboard -shortcuts that Phondue provides. These are called digraphs, since they are -made up of two letters, and they allow you to type any IPA symbol with only a -standard keyboard.
-These symbols were decided to be intuitive as possible:
-Many symbols that look similar to letters of the English alphabet (such as -small caps) can be produced by doubling the capital letter:
- GG -> ɢ ?? -> ʔ NN -> ɴ BB -> ʙ RR -> ʀ XX -> χ
- LL -> ʟ II -> ɪ YY -> ʏ UU -> ʊ EE -> ɛ OO -> ɞ
- AA -> ɑ '' -> ˈ ,, -> ˌ :: -> ː
-The slash is used to "reflect," "rotate," or otherwise flip around a given -symbol:
- ʀ/ -> ʁ ʔ/ -> ʕ ?/ -> ʕ r/ -> ɹ y/ -> ʎ m/ -> ɯ
- o/ -> ø e/ -> ə ɛ/ -> ɜ c/ -> ɔ a/ -> ɐ ɑ/ -> ɒ
- w/ -> ʍ h/ -> ɥ k/ -> ʞ !/ -> ¡ v/ -> ʌ
-Also note that for any digraph, if either of the two characters that -compose it are not "standard" letters you can find on your keyboard, the -digraph can be done in reverse order—so since ʀ/ produces ʁ, you can press -/ again to go back to ʀ in case of accidental flippage (it's also weirdly -amusing to press RR///////).
-This sometimes makes it easier to enter certain pairs; you may prefer to
-use AA for ɑ and AA/ for ɒ instead of the visual o| and |o.
Digraphs have also been designed for when a symbol looks like two overlayed -characters, or two characters next to each other. This includes "hooked" -letters (such as ŋ), produced with the original letter and a comma, and -"stroked" letters (such as ɟ), produced with the original letter and a dash:
- m, -> ɱ n, -> ŋ ŋ, -> ɲ v, -> ⱱ c, -> ç j, -> ʝ
- x, -> ɣ ɣ, -> χ h, -> ɦ w, -> ɰ
-
- j- -> ɟ h- -> ħ l- -> ɬ i- -> ɨ u- -> ʉ e- -> ɘ
- o- -> ɵ ʕ- -> ʢ ?- -> ʡ ʔ- -> ʡ
-
- LZ -> ɮ OX -> ɤ XO -> ɤ OE -> œ EB -> ɞ AE -> æ
- CE -> ɶ RL -> ɺ LR -> ɺ ɾl -> ɺ lɾ -> ɺ
-
- w| -> ɰ o/ -> ø ɜ( -> ɞ /\ -> ʌ o| -> ɑ a| -> ɑ
- |o -> ɒ |a -> ɒ
-
- o. -> ʘ |= -> ǂ || -> ‖ /^ -> ↗ /> -> ↗ \v -> ↘
- \> -> ↘
-Others are based on pronunciation:
- PH -> ɸ BH -> β TH -> θ DH -> ð SH -> ʃ ZH -> ʒ
- SJ -> ɕ ZJ -> ʑ ʃx -> ɧ xʃ -> ɧ
-It may be worth noting at this point that digraphs of two lowercase letters
-were intentionally avoided to prevent interference with regular typing. If
-you need to type a sequence without it turning into a digraph (maybe you
-want to type an actual ʃx), place a backslash between the two characters
-(so, type ʃ\x).
In fact, [backslash][anything] is treated as a digraph that simply resolves -to the second character.
-A few digraphs are based on shape:
- rO -> ɾ r0 -> ɾ vO -> ʋ v0 -> ʋ
-Another related point: digraphs that contain a lowercase letter can also be
-typed with that letter as uppercase. So, if RO is easier to type than
-rO, that works as well.
Retroflex and nonpulmonic symbols have their own categories:
- retroflex: ) looks like the shape of the tongue
- t) -> ʈ d) -> ɖ n) -> ɳ r) -> ɽ ɾ) -> ɽ s) -> ʂ
- z) -> ʐ ɹ) -> ɻ l) -> ɭ ɗ) -> ᶑ
-
- clicks: clicking noise reminiscent of a *
- o* -> ʘ |* -> ǀ !* -> ǃ =* -> ǁ
-
- implosives and ejective marker: direction of airflow
- b( -> ɓ d( -> ɗ j( -> ʄ ɟ( -> ʄ g( -> ɠ ɢ( -> ʛ
- ɖ( -> ᶑ ') -> ʼ
-Superscripts and diacritics that go above the letter use ^, diacritics that
-go below use _, and miscellaneous "moved" symbols use < or >:
^h -> ʰ ^n -> ⁿ ^m -> ᵐ ^ŋ -> ᵑ ^l -> ˡ ^w -> ʷ
- ^j -> ʲ ^ɥ -> ᶣ ^ʋ -> ᶹ ^ɣ -> ˠ ^ʕ -> ˤ
-
- _| -> ◌̩ ^| -> ◌̍ _o -> ◌̥ ^o -> ◌̊ _v -> ◌̬ ^v -> ◌̌
-
- _^ -> ◌̯ _: -> ◌̤ _~ -> ◌̰ _[ -> ◌̪ _] -> ◌̺ _{ -> ◌̼
- _+ -> ◌̟ __ -> ◌̠ _) -> ◌̹ _( -> ◌̜ _# -> ◌̻ [] -> ◌̻
-
- ^> -> ◌̚ ^: -> ◌̈ ^x -> ◌̽ ^~ -> ◌̃
-
- -' -> ˔ _˔ -> ◌̝ -, -> ˕ _˕ -> ◌̞ <| -> ⊣ _⊣ -> ◌̘
- >| -> ⊢ _⊢ -> ◌̙
-
- ~~ -> ◌̴ >r -> ˞
-Note that all of these sequences can be flipped in order—that is, ^h
-produces the same thing as h^. This allows usage such as |<_ to produce
-⊣_ which becomes ◌̘.
Tonal countours use numbers plus |:
5| -> ˥ 4| -> ˦ 3| -> ˧ 2| -> ˨ 1| -> ˩
- +| -> ꜛ -| -> ꜜ
-Finally, some digraphs simply have unique mnemonics:
- ː- -> ˑ "chop off" the bottom triangle
- (( -> ◌͡◌ two parens for a tie that connects 2 chars
- )) -> ◌͜◌
- ◌͜◌) -> ‿ one more paren to make it a little bit longer
-| - | -- Bilabial - | -- Labiodental - | -- Dental - | -- Alveolar - | -- Postalveolar - | -- Palatal - | -- Velar - | -- Uvular - | -- Pharyngeal - | -- Glottal - | -||||||||||
| - Plosive - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -
| - Nasal - | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Trill - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Tap/Flap - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Fricative - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -
| - Lateral fricative - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Approximant - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - Lateral approximant - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -
| - | -- Front - | -- Central - | -- Back - | -- | -- Non-pulmonic - | -- | -- Other - | -- | -- Diacritics - | -|||||||||||
| - Close - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
| - Near-close - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
| - Close-mid - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
| - Mid - | -- | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -
| - Open-mid - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
| - Near-open - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -|||||||
| - Open - | -- - | -- - | -- | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- - | -- - | -- | -- Suprasegmental - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -- - | -|
As seen in the above table, certain symbols of the IPA can be entered by -clicking on them. However, it is far more efficient to use the many keyboard -shortcuts that Phondue provides. These are called digraphs, since they are -made up of two letters, and they allow you to type any IPA symbol with only a -standard keyboard.
+The Pronunciation field in Lexiconga utilizes KeyboardFire's +Phondue web script to make typing IPA pronunciations much more convenient. +Phondue provides many two-key keyboard shortcuts called digraphs +that allow you to type any IPA symbol with only a standard keyboard.
These symbols were decided to be intuitive as possible:
This sometimes makes it easier to enter certain pairs; you may prefer to
-use AA for ɑ and AA/ for ɒ instead of the visual o| and |o.
AA for ɑ and AA/ for ɒ instead of the
+visual o| and |o.
Digraphs have also been designed for when a symbol looks like two overlayed
@@ -87,7 +86,8 @@ typed with that letter as uppercase. So, if RO is easier to type th
Superscripts and diacritics that go above the letter use ^, diacritics that
-go below use _, and miscellaneous "moved" symbols use < or >:
_, and miscellaneous "moved" symbols
+use < or >:
^h -> ʰ ^n -> ⁿ ^m -> ᵐ ^ŋ -> ᵑ ^l -> ˡ ^w -> ʷ
^j -> ʲ ^ɥ -> ᶣ ^ʋ -> ᶹ ^ɣ -> ˠ ^ʕ -> ˤ